Technical Principles:
Two-photon excited fluorescence(2PEF)
Two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) refers to the process in which a ground-state fluorescent molecule or atom absorbs two photons and is moved to an excited state, and then returns to the ground level and fluoresces. After absorbing the first photon, the fluorescent molecule will transition to a virtual state. Only after the second photon interacts with the fluorescent molecule in its virtual state within a few femtoseconds can the fluorescent molecule reach the excited state. Autofluorescent substances refer to the fluorescent substances inherent in biological cells and tissues. Some cell and tissue contents are known as endogenous fluorophores because they emit a stable fluorescent signal when excited by the right wavelength of light.
Second-harmonic generation(SHG)
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process in which two photons of the same frequency interact with an asymmetric medium to excite it from the ground state to the virtual state. In the process of recovering from the virtual state to the ground state, a photon with doubled frequency and halved wavelength is released. Second harmonic imaging does not require fluorescent labeling as it can excite spontaneous fluorescent substance to the virtual state, and therefore is not affected by photobleaching or phototoxicity.
Applications:
Cosmetics Efficacy Evaluation
Evaluation of cosmetics efficacy on the human body
Evaluation of the efficacy of cosmetics ingredients on the human body
Research and exploration of the mechanisms of action of cosmetics ingredients