NOMEX® and KEVLAR® are aromatic polyamides or aramids developed by DuPont. The term aramid derives from the word aromatic and amide (aromatic + amide), which is a polymer with many amide bonds repeating in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is categorized within the polyamide group.
It has at least 85% of its amide bonds attached with aromatic rings. There are two main types of aramids, categorized as meta-aramid, and para-aramid and each of these two groups have different properties relating to their structures.
Para aramids -such as Kevlar®- are known for their incredible high strength and excellent heat/flame resistance. The high degree of crystallinity of the fibers is the main physical characteristic that transfers this excellent strength before breakage.
Unlike other materials and fibers, that may require coatings and finishes to enhance their heat and /or flame protection, Kevlar® and Nomex® fibers are inherently flame-resistant and will not melt, drip, or support combustion. In other words, the thermal protection offered by Kevlar® and Nomex® is permanent — its superior flame resistance cannot be washed out or worn away. Materials that must be treated, in order to improve their fire-resisting performance (and whose protection may wane with wash and wear exposure) are known as “fire retardant.” Those with the superior inherent and permanent protection (i.e., Kevlar®, Nomex®, etc.) are referred to as “fire resistant.”
This superior heat and flame-resisting ability allows these fibers – and the textiles produced from them – to meet many industry standards industry standards that other materials cannot.