The Failure Simulation Unit (FSU) emulates electrical line breaks in the cable connection between the battery management system (BMS) and the emulated battery cells. This error case can be set and simulated per each FSU module individually between 1 or up to 120 cells at the same time. This makes it possible to check how the BMS reacts to line breaks in the measuring and balancing lines to the cells, but also to simulate the “marriage” between BMS and cells – with different sequences and permutations.