The NTC/PTC is used to simulate a temperature-dependent resistance in the value range from 0 Ω up to 8.1 MΩ, with a high resolution. It allows to simulate the thermal behavior by changing the resistance. In addition, it is optionally possible to simulate the fault case of a short circuit and a cable break. Thus, the behavior of the battery management system at different simulated temperatures and electrical faults can be represented.