Precise and smooth linear translation with no backlash is achievable by dovetail guides and a spring-loaded micrometer or lead screw mechanism. The springs pre-load the moving plate, elimination an backlash. In the tables below x stands for one –dimensional stage and x-y stands for a combination of two dimensions. A denotes micrometer drive; B denotes side-mounted drive. With product GCM-53 series, one can build a 3D translation stage.