High speed machining with advanced technology causes an increasing risk of the ejection of the internal parts by accidents. Therefore, the German Machine Tool Builders' Association (VDW) began a series of researches regarding the design and dimensioning of guards in machine tools since 1997. The findings also lead to following safety standards for machine tools defined by the European Union.
According to the statistics of accident, chuck in the lathe caused the most much casualties since it is the heaviest part (over 2.5kg) in the list of components might ejected. For milling machine, milling cutter is the most often ejected components therefore it less than 0.1kg usually.
However it could not take it lightly, the impact energy of components ejected would be much more than its actual weight. To prevent accident happen the safety window of machine tools has to be assessed by exactly and professionally.