Flexure-guided lever mechanisms that mechanically amplify the motion of the integrated piezoelectric ceramic. The actuator frame is typically a monolithic piece of stainless steel or titanium alloy, and it can include threaded or through holes for attachment at the actuator's output. For mounting purposes, the frame can be designed with threaded holes in the bottom or side structure.
LFPA actuators include a secondary mechanical amplification to attain relatively larger motion ranges up to 10mm. DSM has constructed the LFPA mechanisms with titanium for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Because the moving mass is typically less than that of FPA mechanisms, the LFPA architecture can enable much higher dynamic response performance.