A hydro-pneumatic accumulator is a device used specifically for storage of liquid under pressure. As liquids, for all practical purposes, are incompressible, this objective is achieved by utilising the compressibility of gases.
*A flexible rubber separator i.e., a diaphragm is fitted into the accumulator shell.
*An inert gas - nitrogen - is filled into the diaphragm through a pressure valve to a pressure P . The diaphragm expands, filling the entire volume V of the accumulator shell.
*When the system (circuit) pressure P is higher than the gas precharge pressure P , the hydraulic liquid enters the accumulator shell and the diaphragm is compressed reducing the gas volume to V .
*Should the liquid pressure rise to P , the volume of gas reduces to V with an attendant rise in the pressure, thus balancing the Liquid pressure.