Metals and their alloys are used always in static applications.
When the seal is going to work under extreme conditions: high vacuum, high pressure and/or temperature, cryogenics.
when the elastomer may suffer a radiation attack
For these services the range of materials includes among other metals: stainless steels (300 series), nickel alloys, aluminum, copper, tantalum, titanium, silver.
In this context, the sections of the sealing joints can be of various geometries.
Likewise, metal seals can be solid or hollow. The hollows may contain a pressurised (N2), have micro-perforations on the inside or be energised by a spring.
The metal-to-metal seal allows optimum compression of the seal and better control in thermal cycles. The sealing achieved with this solution is very high.
There are two levels:
AIR” level: leakage of an air flow rate of 10-5m3/s pressure of 1 bar. This flow is equivalent
to filling a 1.5 L bottle for a period of 6 months.
HELIO” level: leakage of a flow of 10-12 m3/s helium at a pressure of 1 bar. This flow is
equivalent to the volume of a pinhead over a period of 50 years.
Even in highly aggressive environments, where
expensive alloys are used, a stainless steel spring
can be encapsulated in FEP resin or PFA resin. These coatings can be designed to withstand pressures up to 100 bar at cryogenic temperatures.