For bulk materials unloading, two types of handling systems are basically deployed: continuous and discontinuous.
For the discontinuous unloading operation, mainly ship unloaders with rope grabs are used because these machines are very flexible owing to their simply exchangeable grabs of diverse shapes and sizes which facilitates relatively rapid adaptation to the bulk material to be handled.
When small or medium unloading capacities are in place, grab-type unloaders with a movable superstructure and a single-link or double-link luffing boom are used. When high handling capacities are required, grab-type unloaders with rail-mounted portal bridge show the best performance.