Immersion heater

Screw-in heaters are designed for efficiently heating liquid or gaseous fluids which are flowing or stagnant. The design is based on the general conditions such as the type and properties of the respective fluid, pressure and temperature as well as the desired operating points in the process. Screw-in heaters directly heat fluids, converting electrical energy in the heating rods to thermal energy. The thermal energy is then transferred from the heating rods to the fluid. Here, it is important that the design be matched to the general conditions, for each fluid has its specific properties. For example, these fluids are heated by the screw-in heaters: I. Water Drinking water, max. surface load depending on the water hardness 4 – 6 W/cm² Circulating and/or heating water, max. surface load approx. 10 W/cm² Softened water, observe the maximally admissible chloride content, max. surface load approx. 10 W/cm² Fully desalted water; here, non-ferrous metals and soldered models should not be used, max. surface load approx. 10 W/cm² II. Oil Heavy oil, not pumpable in a cold condition, maximum surface load between 1 and 2 W/cm² depending on the quality Hydraulics oil, maximum surface load approx. 0.6 – 1.2 W/cm² Lubricating oil, steam turbine oil, max. surface load approx. 1 W/cm² Insulating oil, maximum surface load approx. 0.3 – 0.6 W/cm²Insulating oil, maximum surface load approx. 0.3 – 0.6 W/cm² Heat transfer oil, film temperature calculation acc. to DIN 4754 required, maximum surface load approx. 10 W/cm²depending on the flow velocity and oil Fuel oil, diesel, heating to max. 40 °C, max. surface load approx. 4 W/cm² III. Gases Air Natural gas Flue gas Nitrogen