Integrated optical modulator PEM 100

Series I modulators use a rectangular shaped modulator optical element. This optical assembly is designed and built to vibrate at a resonant frequency that is determined by its size. Different optical materials are used to cover the operating range from vacuum UV to near IR. Series II modulators use a symmetric or octagonal shape for the modulator optical element. A two-dimensional standing wave in the optical element doubles the retardation available for a given drive voltage. Series II modulators are particularly useful in the infrared spectrum. Hinds application scientists are available to consult on the optimal material and model for your particular experimental setup.