ead: harmful to humans and the environment
Lead is known for its toxicity. In high doses, it can cause death in adults and children. It can affect blood pressure and kidney function, and can also cause nervous system disorders, even at low doses.
In addition to being toxic to humans, lead is also toxic to animals. It is therefore crucial to eliminate lead from commonly-used materials by replacing them with lead-free versions. On June 27, 2018, lead was added to the REACH list of substances of very high concern (SVHC).
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In industry, although lead does offer two advantages (increased durability and protection against corrosion), it presents a hazard for sensitive ecosystems. To give one example, it was banned as an additive to gas in 2000, as emissions were accumulating at critical levels in the oceans. Today, the European REACH committee has placed lead under observation to evaluate its impact, most particularly in alloys.
It is likely that all lead-based alloys will be banned in the near future, as the REACH Committee reevaluates its derogatory authorization every 6 months. In the last few years, various processes have been developed to replace brass that contains lead.
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