Ball bearings are a sub-category of roller bearings. In ball bearings, rolling elements between a inner ring and an outer ring reduce frictional resistance, in contrast to lubrication in the case of plain bearings. The rings secure axles and shafts by absorbing radial and/or axial forces, depending on the structural form, while allowing the rotation of the shaft or components mounted on an axle (for example, a wheel). Rolling friction mostly occurs between the three main components of inner ring, outer ring and rolling element. Since the rolling elements in the inner and outer ring roll on hardened steel surfaces with optimised lubrication, the rolling friction of these bearings is relatively low.
Four-point contact bearings are single-row radial angular contact ball bearings, whose raceways are formed in such a way that axial loads can be accommodated in both directions. Radial loads of only a fraction of the axial load can be absorbed. In the axial direction, four-point contact bearings require significantly less space than double-row bearings.