Introduction:
Nicotine extraction is a critical process in the production of nicotine products, such as e-liquids for vaping, nicotine patches, and gum. This process involves isolating nicotine from its natural sources, primarily tobacco leaves.
Raw Materials:
1. Tobacco Leaves:*The primary source of nicotine, selected for their high nicotine content.
2. Solvents:** Common solvents used include #6 Solvent water, and other organic solvents.
3. Acids and Bases:** Used to adjust pH levels during extraction.
Extraction Process:
1. Primary Extraction:
- Solvent Extraction:*The ground tobacco leaves are mixed with a #6 Solvent . This mixture is agitated to facilitate the transfer of nicotine from the leaves to the solvent.
- Filtration:The mixture is filtered to separate the liquid (nicotine-rich solvent) from the solid residue (spent tobacco leaves).
2. Purification:
- Liquid-Liquid Extraction:** The nicotine-rich solvent is subjected to liquid-liquid extraction, where it is mixed with a second solvent that preferentially dissolves nicotine. This step helps to further concentrate the nicotine.
- pH Adjustment:** The pH of the solution is adjusted using acids or bases to convert nicotine into its freebase or salt form, depending on the desired final product.
3. Distillation:
- Solvent Removal: The solvent is removed through distillation, leaving behind a concentrated nicotine solution.
- Fractional Distillation:The concentrated nicotine solution is further purified using fractional distillation, which separates nicotine from other impurities based on differences in boiling points.