BN+ZrO2, one of the composite boron nitrides, has come to be recognized as an exceptional nozzle material as it satisfies all these conditions.
It is an advanced ceramic material with a high melting point, is tough enough to prevent cracks, has high thermal shock resistance, and is easy to machine. In addition, molten metals won’t wet the surface of boron nitride, which means that it is not easily clogged during the atomization process.
Under a high vacuum, boron nitride can resist up to 1,750 °C. A gas atmosphere can push this even further to 1,900 °C. This means that boron nitride will remain solid through the melting of most metals. Boron nitride has a very low thermal expansion. Together with the high heat conductivity, this ensures that the material has very high shock resistance. It can easily withstand the rapid gradations in temperature inside the atomizer. It does not break or crack under thermal stresses.